What is a PAP test?

PAP test is also called Pap smear, cervical smear or smear test is a screening test used by Gynecologist to detect cancer of the Cervix. Tissues are gathered from the opening of the Cervix to the Uterus. The cells are examined under a microscope to look for abnormalities. The test is useful to detect pre-cancerous changes determined by the presence of human papilloma virus.

The label on an artificial sweetener says not suitable for PHENYLKETONURIA? What is Phenylketonuria? Why is it not suitable?

Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme necessary to metabolize amino acid phenylalanine an essential amino acid , required for growth and development. In the absence it accumulates and gets converted into an unfavorable by product Phenyl ketone. The presence is detected in the urine. This condition can be easily managed easily though there is no cure as on date. If however, left untreated, it causes problems in brain development leading to mental retardation and seizures.

The management includes a low phenylalanine diet along with protein supplements.

Such patients are usually asked to avoid aspartame an artificial sweetener as it breaks down to produce phenylalanine.