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There are a lot of controversy with regards to removal of uterus? Can it be removed if it creates trouble? Or should it be the exercised as the last option?

The removal of uterus is inevitable in the case of uterine cancer.

Although hysterectomy is frequently performed for fibroids which are non cancerous tumor-like growths, as they cause heavy menstrual flow and discomfort to some of those with the condition.

Many alternative treatments are available:
Using drugs the symptoms can be minimised ,myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids while leaving the uterus intact); or watchful waiting with periodic ultra sound scan.

In mild cases, no treatment is necessary. If the fibroids are inside the lining of the uterus (submucosal), and are smaller than 4 cm, hysteroscopic removal is an option.

A submucosal fibroid larger than 4 cm, and fibroids located in other parts of the uterus, can be removed with a laparotomic myomectomy, where a horizontal incision is made above the pubic bone for better access to the uterus.

The removal of uterus should be exercised as a last option as the Estrogen levels fall sharply when the ovaries are removed, removing the protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems.

This condition is often referred to as "surgical menopause", although it is substantially different from a naturally occurring menopausal state; the former is a sudden hormonal shock to the body that causes rapid onset of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, while the latter is a gradually occurring decrease of hormonal levels over a period of years with uterus intact and ovaries able to produce hormones even after the cessation of menstrual periods.

When only the uterus is removed there is a three times greater risk of cardiovascular disease. If the ovaries are removed the risk is seven times greater. Several studies have confirmed that osteoporosis (decrease in bone density) and increased risk of bone fractures are associated with hysterectomies (removal of uterus).

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